The presence of anti-Yersinia pseudotuberculosis immunoglobulins in equine serum.

The research was conducted on clinically healthy mares (n = 40) and foals (n = 78) during Y. pseudotuberculosis associated enzootics. The animals were divided into groups: I to IV--mares, IA to IVA--their offsprings, IB to IVB--foals which mothers were not treated with any medicaments. The animals in group I, IA and IB were injected with PBS; in group II, IIA and IIB--with Y. pseudotuberculosis strain-based vaccine, in group III, IIIA and IIIB--with P. acnes strain-based immunostimulator; in group IV, IVA and IVB--with P. acnes strain-based immunostimulator and (5 days after the immunostimulator injection) Y. pseudotuberculosis strain-based vaccine. The presence of antibodies was determined by means of ELISA. The study revealed anti-Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IgG only in 19 mares before, and in 25 mares and 26 foals 3 weeks after vaccination. The mean extinction 3 weeks after vaccination amounted to: II-0.489, IV-2.578, iiA-0.572, IVA-0.974, IIB-0.312, iVB-0.418. The cut-off extinction value was 0.154. The presence of anti-Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IgG before vaccination in the sera of clinically healthy mares may suggest that Y. pseudotuberculosis infection occurs definitely more often than is expected. Vaccination preceded by immunostimulation appeared to be the most efficient method of treatment against yersiniosis.

Monthly variations in the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in calves.

In the experiment (on the basis of values of antipyrine (phenazone) pharmacokinetics parameter), biotransformation activity of calves liver during a year was determined. The experiment was carried out on calves aged 28-30 days. Volume of distribution (Vd), half-life (t0.5) and metabolic clearance (CA) of antipyrine were from month to month determined. Not significant changes between values of Vd, t0.5 and CA in several months were observed. Results of experiment indicated that calves' liver is characterized by the relatively stabile biotransformational activity during the whole year.

Seasonal variations of antipyrine pharmacokinetics parameters in calves.

In the experiment the values of parameters of antipyrine kinetics were defined (Vd - volume of distribution, t0.5 - half-life, CA - metabolic clearance) in calves in January, April, July and October 1986 and in January and July 1987. Statistically significant increase of distribution volume and increase of hepatic antipyrine clearance were recorded, as well as significant shortening of half-life of this substance in the organism of tested animals in summer 1986 and 1987, compared with the remaining seasons of the year. Antipyrine pharmacokinetics in winter, spring, autumn 1986 and winter 1986/87 did not differ significantly.

Pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in calves during first 35 days of life.

The experiment was carried out on 10 bull-calves of black-white breed, aged 2-35 days. The following parameters of antipyrine pharmacokinetics were determined: Vd - volume of distribution, t0.5 - biological half-life, CA - metabolic clearance. It has been shown statistically that the volume of antipyrine distribution (expressed in 1/kg) was significantly decreasing with age of examined animals. The antipyrine half-life proved to be the longest on the 20th day of calves' life and the shortest on the 10th and 30th day. The maximum values of metabolic clearance of antipyrine were observed in calves aged 10 days and the minimum ones in animals aged 20 days. In the cases of t0.5 and CA a tendency to changes of values of these parameters of antipyrine pharmacokinetics in 10 days periods was observed.

[The influence of ACTH and hydrocortisone on drug kinetics in calves in the example of the antipyrine test]. / Wplyw ACTH i hydrokortyzonu na kinetyke leku u cielat na przykladzie testu antypirynowego.

The aim of the experiment carried out on 2 groups (to comprise 8 specimens) bull calves, of ncb. breed, at the age of 60 to 65 days and of an average body weight 90 +/- 5 kg, was to define the effect of intramuscular ACTH (0.2 j.m./kg b.w.) and hydrocortisone (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) injections on the hepatic biotransformation of antipyrine. No changes were noticed in the quantity of antipyrine distribution space Vd under the influence of the hormonal preparations applied. Shorter time of antipyrine halflife from the body T/2 was observed, yet the differences stated have not confirmed statistically. ACTH and hydrocortisone injections caused the increase in constant elimination value of antipyrine from the organism k as well as the increase in the quantity of hepatic antipyrine clearance ClA. The differences observed have not turned out to be statistically significant.

[Sodium, potassium and chloride levels in the kidney tissue of piglets in the postnatal period]. / Poziom elektrolitów: sodu, potasu i chlorków w tkance nerkowej prosiat w okresie postnatalnym.

In this paper the level of Na, K and Cl was determined on 108 kidney slices obtained from 12 kidney, removed from 6 clinical healthy piglets. The animals were 4 weeks old. The kidney tissue prepared by method as described by Appelboom et al. (1958). The electrolyte concentration in the cortex, outer medulla and inner medulla was calculated per 1 kg wet and dry tissue. There is a distinct (significant differences) electrolyte gradient in the piglet kidney tissue (the maximum electrolyte concentration in the papilla area). Low Na content even in inner medulla, indicates little capacity for urine concentration in the 4 week old piglets. Individual differences of the electrolyte content in kidney tissue, may indicate different rate of functional development of piglets kidney. No significant difference between left and right kidney was stated in the electrolytes concentration.

[Effect of hypophysin and desoxycorticosterone acetate on kidney function in 3-month-old calves]. / Wplyw hipofizyny i octanu dezoksykortykosteronu na czynnosc nerek u trzymiesiecznych cielat.

The experiment has been carried out on 6 bulls of cb. breed at the age of 3 months. Clearance methods were used to examine the hypophysin (0.1 u V/kg) and desoxycorticosterone acetate (0.1 mg/kg) influence on the size of diuresis, glomerular filtration and excretion of the following: sodium, potassium, chlorides, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus with urine. Three months old calves had (in comparing to calves in neonatal period) higher glomerular filtration level and lower coefficient of endogenous creatinine purification, however the GFR did not still reach the GFR level of adult animals. Hypophysin and desoxycorticosterone acetate influenced both the process of glomerular filtration (decrease) and tubular transportation of water, Na, K and Cl. After the acetate had been applied, higher condensation of urine was noticed than after the application of hypophysin. Administering DOC to the calves caused decrease in sodium and chlorides excretion with urine as well as increase in kidney purification of potassium. Increased excretion of potassium ion and the decrease in urine pH after DOC injection may suggest that older calves compared with the ones at the age of 2-5 weeks have their kidney mechanism regulating potassium and acid-basic balance developed and efficient. Significant effect of hypophysin and desoxycorticosterone acetate on the process of calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus excretion with the urine has not been stated.

[Effects of hypophysin and desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate on renal function in calves in the neonatal period. I. Diuresis volume, glomerular filtration rate and urinary excretion of endogenous creatinine]. / Wplyw hipofizyny i octanu dezoksykortykosteronu na czynnosc nerek u cielat w okresie neonatalnym. I. Wielkosc diurezy, proces filtracji klebkowej oraz wydalanie z moczem endogennej kreatyniny.

Experiments concerning the influence of hypophysin (0.1 vol. unit/kg) and desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate (0.1 mg/kg) on the size of diuresis, urine condensation and the glomerular filtration process have been carried out on 12 bulls at the age of 2-5 weeks of life. It has been stated that already 2-week old kidneys are able to condensate urine, and kidney water saving under the influence of hypophysin is the result of glomerular filtration decrease and tubular resorption increase. Water and electrolytes stopping under the desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate influence was caused by lowered glomal leaking and intensified process of adsorption in tubules. The lack of higher acidification of urine after acetate injection suggests that kidneys at neonatal period show low activity "re serve" within acid-alkaline balance regulation. It has been pointed out that because of intensive tubular secretion the clearance of endogenous creatinine cannot be the measure of glomerular filtration size.

[Effect of hypophysin and desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate on renal function in calves in the neonatal period. II. Urinary excretion of electrolytes]. / Wplyw hipofizyny i octanu dezoksykortykosteronu na czynnosc nerek u cielat w okresie neonatalnym. II. Wydalanie elektrolitów z moczem.

Clearance experiments concerning the influence of hypophysin + (0.1 vol. unit/kg) and desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate (0.1 mg/kg) on sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus excretion in urine have been carried out on 12 bulls at the age of 2-5 weeks of life. After hypophysin injection kidney purification of sodium, potassium and chloride ions has been noticed and hypophysin effect on tubular absorption processes turned out to be clearly late in relation to its influence on glomerular filtration decrease. After desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate injection, lowering of clearances of both sodium and potassium has been noticed and it may prove that kidney mechanisms responsible for potassium ion regulation show functional immaturity. Hypophysin and desoxycorticosterone-21-acetate in calves at the age 2-5 weeks have not affected kidney processes of calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus excretion in urine.